The difference between stiffness and elastic modulus

Modulus of elasticity: Generally speaking, an external force is applied to the elastic body, and the shape change of the elastic body (called "strain"). The general definition of "elastic modulus" is: the stress is divided by the uniaxial stress state. Direction of strain.

In the elastic deformation stage, the stress should be proportional to the law (ie, in accordance with Hooke's law), and the proportional coefficient is called the elastic modulus. The unit of elastic modulus is dynes per square centimeter. "Elastic modulus" is a physical quantity that describes the elasticity of a substance. It is a general term. The expression method can be "Young's modulus", "volumetric modulus" and the like.

Stiffness: refers to the ability of a material or structure to resist elastic deformation when stressed. It is a representation of the degree of difficulty in elastic deformation of materials or structures. The stiffness of a material is usually measured by the modulus of elasticity E. In the macroscopic elastic range, stiffness is the proportional coefficient of the part load proportional to the displacement, ie the force required to cause a unit displacement. Its reciprocal is called compliance, which is the displacement caused by unit force.

Relationship with elastic modulus

In general, stiffness and modulus of elasticity are not the same. The modulus of elasticity is a property of a component of matter; and stiffness is a property of a solid. That is to say, the elastic modulus is the microscopic property of matter, and the stiffness is the macroscopic property of matter.

In material mechanics, the product of the elastic modulus and the moment of inertia of the beam section is expressed as various types of stiffness, such as GI for torsional stiffness and EI for bending stiffness.

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