Main characteristics of commonly used textile fibers

Overview of acrylic fiber:
Acrylic fiber is polyacrylonitrile fiber, which is obtained by copolymerizing more than 85% of acrylonitrile with a small amount of second and third monomers, and spinning by wet or dry methods. Acrylic began industrial production in the United States in 1950 and is one of the main synthetic fiber varieties. Because the properties of acrylic fiber are similar to wool, it is also called "synthetic wool".
The production of acrylic fiber is mainly based on short fibers. It can be purely spun or blended with wool or other fibers to make clothing fabrics, wool, blankets and knitwear, especially suitable for curtains. Acrylonitrile can also be used to make filament bundles for processing into acrylic bulked yarn. In addition, acrylic fiber is the main raw material for carbon fiber production.
The main physical and chemical properties of acrylic fiber The shape of the acrylic fiber may have a small amount of grooves on the longitudinal side, and the cross-section varies with the spinning method. The cross-section of the dry spinning fiber is dumbbell-shaped, and the wet spinning is circular.
2. The strength of stretch and elastic acrylic is 17.6 ～ 30.8cN / tex, which is lower than that of polyester and nylon. Its elongation at break is 25% ～ 46%, which is similar to polyester and nylon. Acrylic fiber is fluffy, curled and soft, and has good elasticity, but the residual deformation after repeated stretching is large, so the cuffs and neckline of acrylic knitting are easily deformed.
3. The hygroscopicity and dyeing acrylic structure are tight, the hygroscopicity is low, and the moisture regain rate is about 2% under general atmospheric conditions. In addition, the dyeability of acrylic fiber is not good enough, but now it can be dyed into various bright colors with cationic dyes.
4. Light resistance Acrylic fiber is particularly excellent in light resistance and weather resistance, and is the best among common textile fibers. Acrylic fiber is exposed to outdoor exposure for one year, its strength drops by only 20%, so acrylic fiber is most suitable for outdoor fabrics.
5. Acid and alkali resistant acrylic fiber has good chemical stability, acid resistance, weak alkali resistance, oxidant resistance and organic solvents. However, acrylic fibers will turn yellow in alkaline solution, and macromolecules will break.
6. The quasi-crystalline structure of other properties of acrylic fiber makes the fiber have thermal elasticity, so acrylic fiber can be made into various bulked yarns. In addition, acrylic fiber has good heat resistance, is not moldy, and is not afraid of worms, but it has poor wear resistance and poor dimensional stability. Acrylic fiber has a relatively low density.
Polyester is poorly dyed, and high temperature and high pressure dyeing should generally be used.
4. Other properties of polyester are strong in heat resistance, light resistance is second only to acrylic fiber, poor conductivity, easy to generate static electricity, fabrics are easy to attract dust and stain. Polyester has good chemical stability and is not prone to mold and worms.
Overview of spandex:
Spandex is the trade name of polyurethane elastic fiber in China. Spandex began industrial production in 1959. It mainly produces elastic fabrics, usually spandex yarn and other fibers are spun into core-spun yarn for weaving. It can be used to make all kinds of underwear, swimwear, tights, jeans, sportswear, elastic parts such as belts. Clothing made of spandex is comfortable to wear, can adapt to the needs of various parts of the body, and can reduce the sense of restraint of the clothing on the body.
The main physical and chemical properties of spandex The cross-section of the polyester elastic fiber is broad bean-shaped, and the cross-section of the polyether elastic fiber is triangular.
2. The strength of stretch and elastic spandex is very low. The breaking strength of its filament is about 4-9cN / tex, but the spandex has a large elongation, the elongation at break reaches 450% -800%, and the elasticity is very good. Therefore, high elongation and high elasticity are the biggest characteristics of spandex.
3. Hygroscopicity and dyeing spandex have poor hygroscopicity, and the moisture regain rate is about 0.8% to 1% under general atmospheric conditions. But its dyeing performance is better.
4. The density of other properties spandex is better, only 1 ～ 1.3g / cm3. In addition, spandex has good acid and alkali resistance, solvent resistance, light resistance and wear resistance.
Polypropylene Overview:
Polypropylene is the trade name of polypropylene fiber. It is a fiber made from propylene as a raw material through polymerization and melt spinning. Polypropylene officially began industrial production in 1957 and is a rising star among synthetic fibers. Because polypropylene has the advantages of simple production process, low price, high strength, and relatively light density, polypropylene has developed rapidly. Polypropylene is currently the fourth largest variety of synthetic fibers.
The production of polypropylene fiber includes staple fiber, filament and split film fiber. Polypropylene membrane fiber is made by first making polypropylene into a film, and then stretching the film to split it into a fibrous network. Polypropylene is widely used in manufacturing industrial fabrics, non-woven fabrics, etc. Such as carpets, industrial filter cloths, ropes, fishing nets, building reinforcements, oil-absorbing blankets, and decorative cloths. In terms of civilian use, polypropylene can be purely spun or blended with wool, cotton or viscose to make various clothing materials. In addition, polypropylene film fibers can be used as packaging materials.
The main physical and chemical properties of polypropylene The longitudinal surface of polypropylene is straight and smooth, and the cross section is round.
2. The biggest advantage of density polypropylene is its light texture. Its density of only 0.91g / cm3 is the lightest density among common chemical fibers, so polypropylene with the same weight can obtain a higher coverage area than other fibers.
3. Strong stretch polypropylene has high strength, large elongation, high initial modulus and excellent elasticity. Therefore, polypropylene has good wear resistance. In addition, the wet strength of polypropylene is basically equal to the dry strength, so it is an ideal material for making fishing nets and cables.
4. Hygroscopicity and dyeing polypropylene are very hygroscopic and hardly absorb moisture. The moisture regain rate under general atmospheric conditions is close to zero. But it has a wicking effect and can transfer water vapor through the capillaries in the fabric, but it does not have any absorption effect itself. Polypropylene has poor dyeability and incomplete chromatograms, but it can be compensated by the method of coloring the original solution.
5. Acid and alkali resistant polypropylene fibers have good chemical resistance. In addition to concentrated nitric acid and concentrated caustic soda, polypropylene fibers have good resistance to acids and alkalis.

Blush Stick