Over Door Hooks,Door Hook Hanger,Door Clothes Hanger,Multi Door Hook Qin Jian International Limited , https://www.luanbosmart.com
The printed pages and signatures are processed into volumes, or documents, bills, etc. are arranged and matched, and post-print processing, such as books, is collectively referred to as binding.
Book binding, including the two major processes of setting and loading. The order is to set the book page cost, which is the processing of the book block, and the processing of the book cover is the binding.
1, the evolution of books binding process
The earliest book in China was the use of belts or ropes to write bamboo strips and wood pieces with written characters.
The simple policy is very heavy and difficult to read. Later, people scribbled the written silk, according to the length of the article, and rolled it into a roll. Some of them even had wooden shafts on both ends of the silk thread, and a scroll-loaded book appeared.
After the paper was invented, the text was written on the paper, and the booklet was repeatedly folded into a rectangular booklet in accordance with certain specifications. The front and back pages were glued with hard paper or thick paper as the cover and back cover. This framing was originally used for Buddhist classics, so it is called dismantling.
In the folded books, the first page and the last page are separated, and the first and last pages of the disassembled paper are glued together. When the paper is opened for reading, the middle paper sheet is flying. Like a whirlwind, its name is Cyclone.
The books that were framed by the above two methods were read for a long time, the folds were broken, and the pages were scattered. In the Song Dynasty, books were bound using glue or stapled.
From the middle of the Ming dynasty, we started to install books in line. The bound bookbinding is firm, the binding is beautiful, and the reading is easy.
After the Qing dynasty, movable type printing gradually replaced engraving printing. The output and variety of printed matter continued to increase, and the bookbinding technology was also correspondingly developed, gradually moving from manual operation to mechanization. Now, in addition to the preservation of our national traditions, the production of a small number of precious editions and antique books, and the use of thread, the main binding forms are plain and hardcover. The binding methods are divided into manual binding, semi-automatic binding, and fully-automatic binding using a linkage engine.
2, binding bookbinding process
Paperback is a form of binding commonly used in books, characterized by a paper soft cover. Manual and semi-automatic binding process flow.
Collision page cutting → folding → with a booklet → with book block → book → cover → cut book
(a) Collisions
After the printed large format pages are hit, they are cut to meet the required size with a single-sided cutter.
Cutting is done on the cutter. According to the length of the cutting knife, the paper cutting machine is divided into two types: full-sheet and half-open; according to its degree of automation, it is divided into automatic paper cutting machine and semi-automatic paper cutting machine. When operating, pay attention to safety, cut paper, incision should be smooth, neat, not sloping, not inclined, size meets the requirements.
(b) Folding
The process of folding a book sticker into a printed large-format book page, in accordance with the page order and the size of the open book, is called folding.
The folding method is roughly divided into three types.
1. Vertical cross folding method
After each fold is completed, the book pages must be turned by 90° and folded, and the signatures should be perpendicular to each other (see Figure 7-2). This folding form is easy to operate, and the number of folds is related to the number of pages.
2. Parallel folding method
The folds of the folded pages are parallel to each other, as shown in Figure 7-2. Suitable for folding thicker pages of books, such as children's books, pictures, etc.
3. Mixed folding method
The creases in the same book have both parallel and vertical folds to mix the folds.
At present, most of China's printing plants use mechanical folding. The folding machine is divided into knife folding machine, fence folding machine and grid knife folding folder.
The knife folding machine is a folding knife that presses the paper into the transverse slits of two folding rollers that rotate, and completes the folding process by the friction between the two rollers and the paper. This folding machine can fold full sheets of printed sheets with high folding accuracy but large footprint.
The fence type folding machine is a moving paper which is moved forward along the fence via a folding roller until the baffle, and the paper is folded and folded under the friction of the folding roller. This folding machine has a fast folding speed and a small footprint, but it is not suitable for large, thin and soft paper.
The same folding machine is a knife-type and fence-type combination. It is called a grid knife hybrid folding machine. This folding machine has a faster folding speed than a knife folding machine.
In addition, book and web presses are generally equipped with folding devices.
(c) Distribution
Insert or stick zero pages or inserts in a page in the order of pages.
(d) Book Blocks
The process of placing the entire book book in sequence with the integrated book is called the book block, also called the row of books. There are two sets of posts and posts.
a suit method
A booklet is placed inside or outside another booklet in the order of pages, forming two book blocks that are thick and have only one ridge. This method is suitable for journals and magazines with fewer posts.
2. Posting method
Each booklet will be stacked in the order of page number, and will be stacked together to form a book block book core for the booklet. This law is commonly used in paperback or hardcover books.
Posts can be used manually or mechanically. With manual posts, labor intensity, low efficiency, can only be produced in small batches, therefore, now mainly use distribution machine to complete the operation of distribution posts.
The working principle of the distribution machine is shown in Figure 7-5. Put the signatures on the conveyor belt in order and overlap in order to complete the booklet core.
In order to prevent misprinting, when printing, a small box called a signature is printed at the ridge of each printed sheet. The book block after the placard forms a step-like mark at the back of the book.
Combine well-written signatures (generally known as Mao Ben) and tie them together. In addition to the sewing thread setting, brush a thin layer of glue or paste on the back of Mao Ben. The signatures are scattered and then the book is made.
(v) Book
The book's various signatures are firmly linked using various methods. This process is called bookbinding. Commonly used methods are saddle stitching, wire nails, sewing thread binding, glue binding and other four kinds.
Saddle stitch
With a saddle-stitching machine, put the well-fitted book block with the cover, and use the two iron buttons on the spine to secure the book. The use of saddle-stitched books should not be too thick, and multiple posters must be combined into a single post to bind.
2. Iron tie
With a wire stapler, passing the iron wire through the booklet's mouth is called wire binding.
Iron wire is flat and the production efficiency is high. However, iron wire is prone to yellow rust, which affects the beauty of books and magazines. It also causes the damage and loss of the pages. It is suitable for books below 100 pages.
3. Lock line booking
Will be well-written signatures, in accordance with the order of the line with a quote and a tie in series, called the lock line set. The sewing machine is used to lock the thread.
The book can be booked with any thickness, which is secure and easy to read, but the speed of the book is slow.
4. Adhesive binding
The book block is made by binding the signatures or pages together with an adhesive. Generally, the booklet is well-numbered, and a slot is formed on the spine or a milling sheet is formed into a single sheet. After the collision, the signature is firmly bonded by an adhesive.
Adhesive book block, can be used for plain or hardcover.
(6) Package cover
The book blocks processed by folding, fitting, and bookbinding processes are covered by a cover book and become a woolen version of paperback books.
The cover of the bag is also called a pack or wrapped. The process of manual bag cover is: fold cover, spine back brush, paste cover, cover cover, ask equality. Nowadays, in addition to the malformed book, manual pack covers are rarely used.
The mechanical bag cover uses a wrapping machine, a long wrapping machine and a round wrapping machine.
The working process of the mechanical wrapping machine is as follows: put the book block face down into the book storage slot. With the rotation of the machine, the back of the book block passes through the upper part of the glue tank, and the circular wheel immersed in the glue water spreads the glue on the book. Core ridge back, near the edge of the first page of the spine and the edge of the last page. The glued book block, with the rotation of the machine, came to the cover of the bag. The top cover was glued to the back of the spine, and then it was put into a baking machine to pressurize it and dry it, so that the back of the book was flat.
The cover of paperback books should be packed firmly and flat. The text on the back of the book should be in the straight line of the back of the book. It should not be worn out. The cover should be clean, free from damage, and folded.
(seven) cut the book
After pressing and drying, the back of the book with the back of the book is trimmed with a book cutter to cut the width of the head, feet, and cuts according to the size of the draft. This will make the book become light and become a readable book.
The cut book is generally carried out on a three-sided cutter. The three-sided cutter is a special machine for cutting all kinds of books and magazines. There are three steel knives on the three-sided cutter, and the position between them can be adjusted according to the book size.
After the books are chopped, check them out and prevent the books and magazines that do not meet the quality requirements from leaving the factory.
(viii) Flat-linked motivation
In order to speed up the binding speed, improve the quality of binding, and avoid the stacking and handling of semi-finished products between processes, paperbacks are used for bookbinding.
1. Horseback riding binding motive
Horseback riding bindings are also called three links. It consists of a drum-type collator, a stapler, and a three-sided cutter. It can automatically complete post-entry, cover-folding, take-up, stapling, and three-sided cuts, and it is equipped with a device that automatically detects the quality.
The horse-riding binding machine has high production efficiency and is suitable for binding thin books below 64 pages, such as periodicals, magazines, exercise books, etc. However, the signatures only rely on two wire fasteners and therefore have poor firmness.
2. Adhesive-binding motivation
Rubber glue binding machine can continuously complete the process of page matching, bumping, milling and backing, sawing, shorning, brushing, gauze, bag cover, scrape back forming, and book cutting. Some glued with hot melt adhesive, some glued with cold glue. The degree of automation is very high, with up to 7,000 bookbindings per hour, and even more. (to be continued)
Bookbinding process overview
A book binding process