Do you know what you need to pay attention to when planting mulberry trees? Today, Xiaobian will introduce to you the cultivation and management of mulberry planting. 　　 Tree formation Make full use of the regeneration function of mulberry trees, combined with its strong branching and cutting resistance characteristics, through reasonable cutting technology to make mulberry trees have a good tree shape with high yield skeleton and adapt to production needs. The purpose of tree cultivation is to make the tree shape neat, maintain the tree potential, reduce flower buds, promote vegetative growth, increase the yield and quality of mulberry leaves, and reduce pests and diseases. Production is widely used to develop low-dry mulberry trees, about 1000 acres of mulberry planting, trunk height of 70 cm or less, generally two layers of branches. According to the canopy state, it is divided into a low-dry, non-boxing tree type and a low-drying boxing type. In combination with the grafting form, 2 to 3 buds are grafted at 25 to 30 cm from the ground. After the survival, the upper seedlings are removed, and the first level is dried, and 2 to 3 are selected on each branch. In the third year, it was cut at a distance of 65 cm from the ground to form a secondary branch. In the future, spring cutting (winter heavy shearing) or summer cutting will be carried out on this basis each year, and a low-drying, no-fist-type tree or a low-drying boxing tree will be developed accordingly. In winter, heavy shearing generally adopts no boxing cutting, and summer cutting generally uses boxing cutting. (1) Spring cutting (winter heavy shearing): It is carried out during the dormeral period of mulberry trees from January to February each winter. After the tree is cultivated, it is cut at a base of 10 to 15 cm at the base of the harvested branch, and generally three fixed buds can be left. The cut is 0.5 to 1 cm above the bud, and the cut is required to be smooth and not broken. After the spring, the shoots are harvested by the buds, and the spring cuts are carried out every year. The level of the branches is increasing year by year, and the mulberry fists are not formed. The crowns are constantly expanding, forming a box-free tree. (2) Summer cutting: It is carried out from mid-May to early June after the end of spring production every year. The earlier the cutting is in the appropriate period, the better. After the tree is formed, it is cut at the base of the harvested shoot. The cut is required to be smooth and the cortex is not broken. It should be done on a sunny day to reduce the flow injury. After the summer harvest, the callus promotes wound healing, gradually grows and expands, forming a mulberry fist, and the branches are germinated to form harvesting branches, forming a box-like tree. Tree care After the mulberry tree is cultivated and put into production, the tree should be treated at a reasonable time every year according to the management requirements of the leaf and mulberry garden to improve the yield and quality of the mulberry leaf. (1) Heavy shearing or short-cut in winter: no-fist mulberry should be re-cut in winter according to technical requirements in winter. There is a boxing mulberry tree to carry out the "preservation short-point", that is, short-tip, before the saplings fall into the sap, and the length of the branches left after the cutting is generally between 0.8 and 1 meter. (2) Pruning and tidying: Winter heavy-cut and summer-cut mulberry trees should be pruned and dried during the winter mulberry dormancy period. The dead fist, the dead pile and the bad branches on the mulberry tree are removed by hand saw or flat chisel, and the dead branches, diseased branches, thin branches, drooping branches, yin branches, lying branches, overly branches, and clusters are removed. Branches are cut off from the base of the branches. (3) Cut and dry the crown: The non-boxing mulberry is cut every year by the heavy shearing method in winter. The trunk is increased year by year, and the ability of branching and branching is reduced. The crown should be cut and dried at an appropriate time. The cut dry part should be above the branches and branches, retaining the basic tree shape, and sprouting from latent buds to produce new shoots. (4) Sparse germination: After mulberry trees are re-germinated on mulberry fists or branches after spring cutting or summer cutting, it is necessary to appropriately remove excessively dense mulberry buds or new shoots. It is required to stay strong and weak, with less inside and outside, more dilute places, less dense places, proper position, and even distribution. (5) Xia Hua or Xia Xiu: There is a boxing mulberry tree. The base of the annual branches should be cut off from the middle of May to the beginning of June after the spring silkworms are harvested. After the spring mulberry leaves are harvested, the summer mulberry is combined with the summer silkworm rearing for summer repair, and some side branches, thin branches and overly dense branches are cut off from the base of the branches, and the leaves can be fed to the silkworms. Fertilization management should be strengthened after summer harvest or summer repair. (6) Weeding and pest control: In winter, mulberry pests lurk over winter, and the dead fists, dead piles, pests and weeds, fallen leaves, etc. should be burned intensively to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. If the insects are serious, the branches of the mulberry trees will be tied with bundles of straw or straw in autumn, and the insects will be trapped in the saplings. The mulberry will be destroyed and burned before the mulberry germination. (7) Drying: Combine the winter management of mulberry trees, brush the trunk with 20% fresh lime slurry to reduce the pests and diseases. (8) Others: Mulberry tree care should be carried out such as irrigation, soil digging, shoveling, and gully. Fertilizer management Doing a good job in the management of mulberry fertility is the basic guarantee for obtaining high quality and high yield of mulberry leaves. The fertilizer required for mulberry is mainly ammonia, phosphorus and potassium, and other trace elements are supplemented. (1) Fertilization period: A. Spring fertilizer: that is, “germination fertilizerâ€, applied 15 to 20 days before mulberry germination, and must be applied 30 to 40 days before the leaves at the latest. It is usually carried out from the end of February to the beginning of April. B. Xia Fei: “Xie Sang Fei†is generally applied in 2 times. The spring mulberry trees are applied once in the spring in early June and in the summer in July. The summer mulberry trees are applied once after the summer harvest in early June and after the germination in mid-July. C. Autumn fertilizer: that is, “protecting leaf fertilizerâ€, fertilize in the middle of August after entering the autumn, and end the autumn fertilization work 20 to 25 days before the leaves. D. Winter fertilizer: that is, “basic fertilizerâ€, which is applied in the first ten days of the mulberry tree and the first half of January. (2) Fertilization amount: In the spring, summer and autumn, quick-acting organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied, that is, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are added to human and animal excrement. Winter fertilizer is applied to the late-acting organic fertilizer, that is, the composted compost. The densely planted high-yield mulberry garden is calculated by the amount of pure nitrogen. Generally, 20 to 25 kg of nitrogen is applied for every 1000 kg of mulberry leaves. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to the mulberry mulberry garden. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:3:4. The silkworm mulberry garden is re-applied with nitrogen fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:4:5. It is required to "apply spring fertilizer, reapply summer fertilizer, chase autumn fertilizer, and apply winter fertilizer". (3) Fertilization method: According to soil quality, fertilizer property and mulberry cultivation form, it can be applied by point application, ditch application, spreading, irrigation, etc., and the application depth is 20-30 cm. (4) Precautions: The organic fertilizer should be mainly used for fertilization, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and should be applied at intervals according to the nature of the fertilizer. Generally, the fertilizer is 20 times higher than water, and the nitrogen fertilizer is 50 to 100 times higher than that in the drought, so as not to burn roots. Mulberry pest control (1) Artificial killing: In May to July, it mainly captures adults such as inchworm (Sangmao), mulberry caterpillar, and mulberry. After the end of autumn silkworms, the method of trapping and killing can be used to kill winter insect pests. (2) Pesticide control: A. Mulberry leaf blight: timely removal of diseased leaves. The first is to use 90% crystal enemies, 50% killing pine 1000 times liquid to spray the insects, and the second is the early stage of the disease, with 25% carbendazim, 70% methyl thiophanate 1000 ~ 1500 times spray control. B. Mulberry brown spot disease: timely remove the diseased leaves, pay attention to the mulberry drainage. Spray with 50% carbendazim, 70% methyl thiophanate 1000-1500 2 to 3 times, 7 to 10 days apart. C. Broken shoot disease: remove the mulberry, cut off the broken shoots, weed and weed. Spraying at the flowering stage, using 70% methyl thiophanate 1000-1500 times liquid or 25% carbendazim 1500 times liquid to spray and control the female flower during the blooming period. D. inch inch insect (Sang è – è –): in early spring with 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 ~ 2000 times liquid, silkworm period with 80% dichlorvos EC or 50% phoxim EC 1000 ~ 2000 times liquid spray. E. Red Spider: Clear litter and weeds in winter, sprayed with 1000% Lego emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times and 20% dicofol emulsion. F. Mulberry caterpillar: remove the pests and leaves, use 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 ~ 2000 times liquid, 80% dichlorvos EC 2000 times liquid, 50% phoxim EC 3000 times liquid spray. G. Mulberry: Stalks trap larvae, sprayed with 90% crystal trichlorfon 3000 times or 80% dichlorvos EC 2000 times. Mulberry leaf harvest According to the different developmental stages of silkworms, the leaves are planned to be distributed in batches, and the suitable selection and harvesting leaves are suitable for all ages and seasons to improve the utilization rate of mulberry leaves. (1) Spring leaves: The mature leaves on the new shoots of the 1st and 2nd instars of the spring silkworms, the three eye leaves in the middle and lower parts of the 3rd to 4th instars (the core leaves), and the mature leaves are harvested in batches at the 5th instar. (2) Summer leaves: Suitable leaves on the selected branches of the sangyuan in winter. In the small silkworm period of Xia'an mulberry garden, the mature leaves on the new shoots were selected, and the silkworm leaves were picked from the bud leaves and 4 to 5 feet of the base of the new shoots. (3) Autumn leaves: Use small leaves for small silkworms and choose suitable leaves on new shoots. The large silkworm period is harvested from the bottom to the top, leaving 14 to 16 pieces at the top of the branches in the early autumn, 8 to 10 pieces in the mid-autumn, and 5 to 6 pieces in the late autumn, and the rest are harvested. Jasmine Essential Oil,Rose Oil For Skin,Rose Massage Oil,Flower Blend Essential Oil Ji'An ZhongXiang Natural Plants Co.,Ltd. , https://www.zxnaturaloils.com
Cultivation and management of mulberry planting