Graphite plus distilled water may become a superconductor at room temperature. Can you imagine that a little graphite plus a few drops of distilled water can make a room temperature superconductor that scientists think about. German researchers recently announced a breakthrough: a material can become a superconductor (which can conduct electricity with zero resistance) at room temperature and higher. Superconductors offer great energy-saving potential, but so far, this material can only work at temperatures below about 110 degrees Celsius. Today, Pablo Esquinazi and colleagues at the University of Leipzig report that flaky graphite particles immersed in water seem to continue to produce superconductivity at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius. Although Esquinazi admits that the discovery "sounds like a science fiction novel," the relevant research work has been published in the peer-reviewed journal "Advanced Materials", and other physicists told the "Nature" magazine that this result is a trial Sexual, but worthy of further review. Graphite is composed of a layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal grid, and when it is doped with elements that can provide additional free electrons, it shows superconductivity. For example, calcium graphite has superconductivity at 11.5 degrees Kelvin (about -260 degrees Celsius), and theorists predict that if there are enough free electrons available, its temperature can rise to 60 degrees Kelvin. Esquinazi's research team speculates that high-intensity electrons are formed at the interface between adjacent graphite fragments. Researchers have observed superconductivity at the interface of an artificial type of bulk graphite called pyrolysis graphite over 100 degrees Kelvin, and they wondered, by doping flake graphite powder, these Whether the interface can reach a higher temperature. The first adulterant the researchers tried was ordinary water. They are very lucky. The researchers added 100 milligrams of pure graphite powder consisting of hundreds of flaky graphites 1 millimeters long and tens of nanometers thick to 20 milliliters of distilled water. After stirring the mixture for about 23 hours, they filtered out the graphite powder and dried it overnight at 100 degrees Celsius. The researchers found that after placing it in a magnetic field, each sample will remain slightly magnetized when the magnetic field is removed. Esquinazi said that this trace amount of residual magnetization is a sign of superconductivity or ordinary ferromagnetism. To find out whether they have the former properties, the researchers analyzed how the magnetization changes with the strength of the applied field and the temperature. The final result is very similar to the first high-temperature oxide superconductor discovered in the 1980s. Esquinazi admitted that his evidence was tempting, but it was not leak-proof. First, his research team has been unable to show that its samples have actual resistance with zero resistance. In order to do this, the researchers compressed the wet powder into particles, which forced the particles to make electrical contact, but they found that this would cause the superconducting effect to disappear. Moreover, they could not prove that there is no magnetic field inside the flake graphite-this is a basic feature of superconductors. In addition, these samples did not lose their obvious superconductivity with increasing temperature. The research team reported that they remained superconducting at approximately 400 degrees Kelvin (equivalent to 130 degrees Celsius), and a simple extrapolation of the data indicated that the upper limit was approximately 1,000 degrees Kelvin. Esquinazi said that since he started writing the paper, his research team has actually observed signs of superconductivity at 500 degrees Kelvin, but at this temperature, heat has begun to degrade the samples and change their magnetic field strength, thus It is difficult to observe its transition to a non-superconducting state. Other physicists still question this. Ted Forgan, a condensed matter physicist at the University of Birmingham in the UK, said that magnetic data at low temperatures "looks very much like a signal obtained from a superconductor," but he is confused about changes in its characteristics at higher temperatures. He said he expected that the residual magnetization would be greatly reduced at 300 degrees Kelvin unless "the conversion temperature is actually much higher than this temperature." In the meantime, Alexander Gurevich, a theorist at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, warned that some of the previously declared high-temperature superconductivity failed to hold up during a detailed review. He said that the magnetic response may be caused by impurities introduced during sample processing. But he emphasized that if confirmed, this discovery will have a "far-reaching impact." Charcoal Grill,Charcoal Bbq Grill,Small Charcoal Grill,Old Smokey Grill NingBo AoYue Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.aoyue-tech.com
Research found: water-doped graphite shows room temperature superconductivity
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