Determination of volatile oil in geranium stem by gas chromatography

Abstract: The main function of geranium is to tone skin. The active ingredients in geranium extract have a strong affinity with natural organic fats. Therefore, geraniums are often combined with organic fats to make fat products. After cleaning general cleaning products, most of the functional ingredients of skin care will be washed away by water.

Objective To determine and analyze the composition and composition of volatile oil in geranium stems. Methods After extraction with Soxhlet extractor, the volatile oil composition in geranium stem was determined by GC / MS combined instrument. Results A total of more than thirty chemical components were identified, of which cis-9-tricosene, 1-docosene, behenane, behenyl alcohol, vitamin E, and tetracosane 1-Hexadecanol, cis-9-eicosene, 1-octadecene, tri (n) butyl phosphate, oleic acid, and n-eicosyl alcohol, etc., together account for 72.44% of the total amount of separated substances . Conclusion The composition of volatile oil in geranium stems is complex, and most of them are olefins, alkanes and alcohols.

Geranium Pelargoniumhortorum, also known as hydrangea, Pelargonium genus Pelargonium. Geranium is an important Chinese medicinal material, semi-shrub type, with succulent stems, opposite or alternate leaves, and dark red hoof patterns throughout the body [1,2]. Geranium has a high content of essential oils, and its essential oils have a variety of functions, such as balancing endocrine, treating varicose veins, hemostasis of wounds, and promoting healing. It has a good therapeutic effect on tonsillitis, cough, and muscle spasm. Cancer patients also have some help [3, 4].

The essential oil composition is different in different parts of the same plant and the same plant at different times [5]. Most of the research on volatile substances in geraniums today is limited to leaves [3-6], and all geraniums contain aromatic odors. This experiment uses gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect the chemical composition of volatile substances contained in geranium stems, which is of great significance for better utilization of geranium essential oil.

1 Test materials and instruments

1.1 Test material geranium stem.

1.2 Instrument GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (HP689000 / 5973, Hewlett-Packard Company, USA). Soxhlet extractor (SZT-06A, Suzhou Tianwei Instrument Co., Ltd.).

2 methods

2.1 Extraction method Take 30g of fresh plant stem, weigh it and put it in an oven to kill the green, and dry it to constant weight at 70 ℃. Using ether as solvent, extract essential oils from fresh geranium stems by cable extraction, and analyze the composition of essential oils by GC-MS analyzer, and make a blank at the same time.

Put the filter paper bag containing the sample into the extraction cylinder with long forceps, and inject 50ml of anhydrous ether. Connect all parts of the extractor, extract in a constant temperature water bath, adjust the water temperature at 73.5 ℃, extract for 1h, remove the ether and concentrate it for later use.

2.2 Analysis method Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions: glass capillary column (30m × 0.25mm × 0.25μm), pre-column pressure 68.95kPa; temperature-programmed conditions: initial temperature 180 ℃, constant temperature 2min, then at 20 ℃ · min-1 speed Raise to 230 ℃, constant temperature for 2min, then rise to 270 ℃ at 25 ℃ · min-1, constant temperature for 15min, inlet temperature: 280 ℃; carrier gas: high purity helium; front pressure of column 71kPa; flow rate 1ml · min-1; split ratio 50: 1, interface temperature: 280 ℃; ionization mode: EI; electron energy: 70eV; ion source temperature 230 ℃; quadrupole temperature: 150 ℃; tuning mode: standard tuning; mass scanning mode: SCAN; solvent delay: 3min; scanning range: 10 ~ 550amu; electron multiplier voltage: 1635V. Micro sampler: 5μl; sample injection volume: 4μl.

3 results

When analyzing the sample by gas chromatography, the sample is introduced from the front of the column in the form of gas. The components with certain solubility in the liquid stationary phase are distributed between the liquid phase and the gas according to the law of equilibrium, and then the carrier nitrogen is eluted through the column. The speed at which the components move along the column depends on their degree of dissolution in the liquid stationary phase. The difference in the partition coefficients of the components is large, which facilitates separation. Components with negligible solubility in the liquid stationary phase flow through the column quickly. Therefore, the components in the chromatographic column are separated from each other after a certain column length, and leave the chromatographic column in sequence to enter the detector. After the generated ion current signal is amplified, the chromatographic peaks of each component are depicted on the recorder. .

In this experiment, more than forty peaks were separated, and the mass fraction of each component was normalized by the area of ​​the total ion current chromatogram. Through mass spectrum analysis of each chromatographic peak and computer standard library search, and referring to the retention time of corresponding compounds under similar chromatographic analysis conditions, a total of 30 compounds were identified. Gas chromatography analysis is shown in Table 1.

The chemical constituents of geranium stem essential oil mainly include alkanes, alcohols and alkenes. Among them, alkanes accounted for 18.17%, alcohols accounted for 18.97%, and alkenes accounted for 47.13%. The higher mass fractions are cis-9-tricosene (22.44%), 1-docosene (16.03%), icosane (6.36%), behenyl alcohol (4.03%), and vitamin E ( 3.69%), tetracosane (3.66%), 1-hexacosanol (3.19%), cis-9-eicosene (2.77%), 1-octadecene (2.73%), triphosphate (N) Butyl ester (2.68%), oleic acid (2.65%), n-eicosanol (2.21%). These 12 substances accounted for 72.44% of the total.

4 summary

Plant essential oils can work well in many fields. In the medical field, plant essential oils have the effects of pain relief, blood pressure reduction, anti-inflammatory, immunity enhancement, antibacterial, and health care. For example, the n-icosanediol extracted in this research is the world's first broad-spectrum antiviral drug with a chemical structure and mechanism of action that was first launched in the world in 2000. It mainly functions by interfering with the fusion of the viral envelope and the host cell membrane. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved 10% n-Eicosanediol cream for the treatment of recurrent facial herpes simplex. The drug also has potential application value in the field of AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma and burns. In addition, plant essential oils have high biological activity on pests, are not easy to produce drug resistance, are very toxic to humans and animals, and do not pollute the environment. They are a good raw material for biological pesticides. The cis-9-tricosene extracted in this experiment (22.44% content) is a highly effective housefly exogenous hormone, which can regulate its feeding and reproductive behavior to trap and kill flies [7]. At the same time, the tri-n-butyl phosphate extracted from the experiment has a strong stimulating effect on the skin and respiratory tract, and has a systemic toxic effect, so in practical application, attention should be paid to remove toxic substances.

Table 1 Analysis of volatile oil composition in geranium stem Peak number Compound name Molecular formula Molecular weight / Da time t / min content

The geranium used in this experiment is robust and grows fast, with few pests and diseases and strong adaptability. Today, the development and utilization of geranium volatile substances are mostly limited to leaves. In this study, the Soxhlet extractor was used to extract essential oils from geranium stems, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect chemical components, which provided a scientific basis for the development of beneficial components in geranium stems.

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