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Industry product range includes pulp, machine paper and board, processing paper, handmade paper and so on.
II. Current status and existing problems in the paper industry (I) Current situation In 1999, according to the statistics of all state-owned and non-state-owned industrial enterprises with an annual product sales income of 5 million yuan or more, there were 2,500 papermaking enterprises; the output of paper and paperboard was 21.59 million tons; the original price of fixed assets A total of 91.7 billion yuan; annual net balance of fixed assets of 66 billion yuan; average annual balance of current assets 59.4 billion yuan; assets totaling 161.1 billion yuan; total liabilities of 109.5 billion yuan; asset-liability ratio 67.9%; number of employees 86.4 million; The output value was 77.9 billion yuan (the same price in 90 years, the current price was 87.5 billion yuan); the industrial added value was 24.6 billion yuan; the product sales income was 81.2 billion yuan; the total profits and taxes were 7.46 billion yuan, of which the profit was 2.93 billion yuan; the total labor productivity was 29,800 yuan. / People · years.
In 1999, China’s total consumption of paper and paperboard was nearly 35.25 million tons, and the country’s output of paper and paperboard was 29 million tons (according to the 1997 statistical caliber). It has become the world's second largest consumer of paper, and the third largest country in paper production. Paper industry attention. There are more than 600 types of products; annual import volume is more than 6.5 million tons, and export volume is about 300,000 tons. Product self-sufficiency rate is 82%; average per capita consumption is 27.8 kilograms, which can basically meet domestic news, publishing, printing, product packaging, etc. There is a demand for lower consumption levels.
(II) Implementation of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†The “Ninth Five-Year Plan†is an important period for the structural adjustment of China's paper industry. Faced with difficulties in production and operation, environmental protection and governance pressure and fierce market competition, the paper industry will focus its efforts on deepening reforms. Adjust the structure and improve the quality of growth. After all efforts and difficulties were overcome, the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" was completed and some achievements were achieved. However, there are still some problems that have yet to be resolved.
Main results:
1. Production maintains moderate growth In 2000, the output is expected to reach 30 million tons, 25% more than the 24 million tons in 1995, an average annual increase of 4.6% in the “Ninth Five-Year Planâ€, an average annual increase of 11.8%, a decrease of 7.2% over the “Eighth Five-Year Planâ€. . In the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the total output was 14.077 million tons, which was an increase of 46.5% over the total output of 96.1 million tons in the "Eighth Five Year Plan" period.
2. The fixed assets investment has a larger increase in the cumulative amount of investment in fixed assets for pulp and papermaking, which was 36.2 billion yuan in the first four years of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", which is twice the eight years of the eight years of the Eighth Five-Year Plan period. Cardboard capacity is 3 million tons. It is estimated that the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" will complete a total of 46 billion yuan, which is 2.2 times the "eight-five-year" 2.12 billion yuan. The new paper and board capacity is expected to reach 4 million tons.
(1) Increased domestic investment intensity The "Ninth Five-Year Plan" countries arranged two "double plus" projects and the first batch of technical restructuring projects for product restructuring and government bond discount key technical transformation projects, a total of 51, the total investment estimated 20 billion Yuan is expected to add 3.55 million tons of paper and board capacity. The "Ninth Five-Year Plan" can complete 20 projects with a total investment of 8.5 billion yuan.
(2) The use of foreign capital has achieved remarkable results. The “Ninth Five-Year Plan†for foreign-funded projects has developed rapidly. The major large-scale joint ventures that have been completed and put into production include: 350,000 tons/year coated white paperboard from Ningbo Zhonghua Paper Co., Ltd. UPM Paper's 350,000-ton/year premium cultural paper, Shanghai Hansong's potential 120,000 tons/year offset newsprint paper, Zhenjiang Jindong Paper Company's 700,000 tons/year advanced culture paper (first phase project), Dongguan, Guangdong, China The paper company has an annual output of 200,000 tons of kraft paperboard, paperboard, etc. The total investment for the above projects is about 20 billion yuan.
Of the paid-in capital in the papermaking industry in 1999, foreign investors, Hong Kong and Taiwan capital accounted for 32%.
3. Initial results of structural adjustment (1) Raw material structure The structure of fiber raw materials has improved. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, the proportion of wood pulp increased from 12.5% ​​to 17.9%, and the proportion of recycled pulp was 37.2%. To 40.9%, the proportion of non-wood pulp decreased from 50.3% to 41.2%. In Zhejiang, Guangdong, and other provinces, the adjustment of raw materials structure is relatively large. Waste pulp accounts for 77% and 56% of the total consumption of the province.
(2) Product structure through adjustment, the product began to adapt to consumer demand, from quantitative to qualitative change. Eliminated low-end book and paper, writing paper, wrapping paper and cardboard, developed offset newsprint, color-printed book and book paper, offset printing paper, high-quality cultural paper, medium and high-end household paper, kraft paperboard and kraft paperboard, coated paper and Markets such as cardboard and white cardboard are in desperate need of products. The quality of products has been greatly improved. The rate of excellent products is more than 30%, and the proportion of medium and high-end products has increased from 30% to 40%.
(3) Corporate structure The initial success of corporate restructuring mainly reflected in the following four aspects:
First, the scale structure of enterprises has been adjusted, the number of large-scale enterprises has increased, and the production concentration has been appropriately increased.
Enterprises with an annual output of more than 100,000 tons will have reached 44 in 2000, an increase of 30 over 1995. The largest scale pulp and paper-making enterprises in 1995 were 240,000 tons/year and currently 700,000 tons/year.
Second, the organizational structure of the enterprise has been adjusted and optimized.
Through the tilt of policies and the expansion of advantageous enterprises, the expansion of reproduction is mainly based on capital operation, which promotes the flow of production factors to dominant enterprises and rapidly and reasonably expands the scale of enterprises. The large-scale paper group companies established across provinces and cities are highlighted by Shandong Chenming Paper Group Co., Ltd. and Guangdong Weida Paper Company. For example, Shandong Chenming Paper Group Co., Ltd. reorganized five companies and accumulated more than 400 million active assets. At present, the scale of the company has reached 400,000 tons/year, and its economic benefits have maintained the “ten consecutive championships†in the same industry in Shandong Province and ranked first in the same industry in four consecutive years in China.
Third, the ownership structure of enterprises has been continuously improved during the reform process, and a pattern of coexistence and complementarity of various economic components has taken shape.
In 1999, state-owned enterprises accounted for 29.8% of all state-owned and non-state-owned industrial pulp and paper companies with annual product sales revenues of 5 million yuan or more. "Funded-funded" enterprises accounted for 27.7%, and collective and other economic types of enterprises accounted for 42.5%.
Fourth, progress has been made in corporate shareholding reforms.
In recent years, a considerable number of key pulp and paper companies have transformed their shareholding systems. There are currently 16 paper companies listed in Shenzhen and Shanghai, accounting for about 20% of the listed light industry companies. The total assets are 13 billion yuan.
(4) Through adjustment, the technical structure has eliminated a number of backward technologies, equipped with obsolete production lines and machines, and added a batch of technologies, equipment and production lines with advanced international and domestic advanced technologies, which have accelerated the technological progress of the paper industry. The paper industry has greatly improved the overall level of technical equipment. For example, the Nanping Paper Mill has a new newsprint machine with a width of 5.5 meters and a speed of 1800 meters per minute. Shandong Chenming Paper Group Co., Ltd. is a new high-level paper machine with a width of 4.55 meters and a speed of 1,100 meters per minute; Hongtain Heng Paper Products Co., Ltd. has a new board machine with a width of 4.8 meters and a speed of 600 meters per minute; Zhenjiang Jindong Paper Co., Ltd. is equipped with two new advanced paper machines with a width of 9.7 meters and a speed of 1500 meters per minute. Guangdong Weida Paper Co., Ltd. On the new toilet paper machine, the speed of 2200 meters / min and so on, its technical equipment and water level reached the international first-class level. Qingzhou Paper Mill, Nanning Paper Mill and other pulp production lines are also among the international advanced level.
The successful application of domestic wheat straw pulp continuous cooking technology equipment and alkali recovery equipment has promoted the progress of wheat straw pulping and environmental protection technologies.
Enterprises attach importance to scientific and technological progress and quality management. According to incomplete statistics, from 1996 to 1999, 33 papermaking scientific research achievements won the China Light Industry Science and Technology Progress Award; 66 companies have passed ISO9002 quality system certification.
(5) New changes have taken place in the layout of papermaking areas.
The vitality of paper-making companies depends on long-term low-cost competitive advantages, which in turn depend on national policies, market trends, trends in production methods, and availability of resources. China's long-term open-door policy, environmental protection policy, and the recent policy of restricting the closure of forests and forests have a certain impact on the new changes in China's papermaking regional layout. The eastern region has developed rapidly, and the development of the central and western regions has been relatively slow.
In recent years, large-scale papermaking joint ventures or wholly-owned projects using commercial pulp and waste paper as raw materials have mostly chosen investment areas with good market conditions, large market capacity, and a more economically developed eastern region. The eastern part has become a hot spot for foreign investment. . For example, some large-scale papermaking companies have already been established in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shandong, and other provinces and cities. This will have a far-reaching impact on changing the structure of the paper industry in these provinces and cities, and even the paper industry in the country.
4. Emphasis on environmental protection. Some progress has been made in pollution prevention and control From 1996 to 1998, 5,911 small pulping and papermaking enterprises were banned and shut down across the country, greatly reducing the sources of pollution.
The company has increased the investment in environmental protection and enabled environmental engineering and technological transformation and capital construction projects to achieve “three simultaneoussâ€. Through the implementation of cleaner production, the project unit has achieved the goal of increasing production without increasing pollution, or with old and new, and reducing pollution.
According to incomplete statistics, in 1999 and 1996, the average annual COD emission per enterprise decreased by 61%.
In the past two years, wheat straw pulp alkali recovery technology and equipment have made breakthrough progress, and domestic companies can provide complete sets of design and equipment. There are currently 18 straw pulp alkali recovery production units.
(III) Main problems existing The foundation of the paper industry is quite fragile and the structural contradiction is becoming increasingly prominent. The overall performance is: the effective supply of products and the imbalance of demand, product variety, quality, grade can not meet the paper market demand for rapid growth and species diversity requirements. From 1995 to 1999, the annual production of paper and board increased by 4.8%, the consumption increased by 7.4% on average, the import volume increased by 21.1% on average, and the domestic paper self-sufficiency rate dropped from 89% to 82%. At present, there are prominent problems of unreasonable three structures with low proportion of wood pulp, small scale of enterprises, and small production capacity of middle-to-high-grade paper, and two difficult problems of heavy pollution burden and insufficient construction funds.
1. The proportion of wood pulp is low, and imports are many - the raw material structure is irrational. Most of the papermaking enterprises in China use wheat straw and waste paper as the main raw materials, and there are less than 200 enterprises that use paper materials such as wood, reed (mandshuhr), bamboo, and bagasse. In domestic pulp, the proportion of wood pulp is less than 10%, the proportion of non-wood pulp is 47%, the proportion of waste pulp is 40%, and other pulp is 3%. The proportion of the existing wood pulp is obviously unreasonable compared with the pulp and paper used in more than 90% of the modern paper industry, which directly affects the existing pattern and healthy development of the paper industry in China. In order to make up for the serious shortage of wood pulp raw materials, wood pulp and waste paper are imported every year. In 1999, 3.1 million tons of pulp was imported and 2.52 million tons of waste paper.
2. The number of companies is large and the scale is small - the structure of the company's scale is irrational At present, there are about 5,000 papermaking enterprises in the country. The average annual production capacity of the enterprises is about 6,500 tons, which is very different from the average annual output of 40,000 tons of papermaking enterprises in the world.
3. The variety is not complete, low-grade - unreasonable product structure At present, China's paper and cardboard products are fewer varieties, only 600 kinds, is half of the developed countries can produce paper. The technology content of the products is relatively low and the quality is poor. Among them, the low-grade products account for 60%, the mid-range products account for 20%, and the high-grade products account for 20%. With the technological advancement and product upgrading of related industries, the existing product structure is no longer suitable for paper consumption.
Paper Industry "Tenth Five-Year" Plan (1)
I. Introduction The paper industry is an important industry that is closely related to the development of the national economy and the construction of social civilization. In the economically developed world, the growth rate of paper and paperboard consumption is synchronised with the growth rate of its GDP. The role played in the modern economy has attracted more and more attention from the world. It has been recognized internationally as a “non-failing†industry. In the developed countries such as the United States, Canada, Japan, Finland, and Sweden, the paper industry has become One of the ten pillar industries in its national economy. The characteristics of the modern paper industry are different from those of the general consumer goods industry, but they are technology, capital, resources, and energy-intensive, with significant economies of scale, and continuous, efficient production of basic raw material industries. More than 80% of the total product volume is used as production materials in the fields of news, publishing, printing, commodity packaging and basic industries, and less than 20% is used for direct consumption by people. The papermaking industry has a high degree of relevance and is linked to industries such as forestry, agriculture, machinery manufacturing, chemicals, thermal power, traffic operations, and environmental protection. The demand for the paper industry is continuously growing, and it has a positive effect on the economy of the upstream and downstream industries. The paper industry can become an impetus to the economy of our country. Develop new economic growth points. Paper products are a kind of market-oriented and highly internationalized products. Today, all countries in the world have adopted the production and consumption levels of paper and paperboard as one of the important symbols to measure the modernization and civilization of a country.