Evolution and Visual Application of Chinese Characters 2

(2) Evolution and Development of Chinese Characters (Chinese Characters)

After the development of Chinese characters, after the Qin unified China, the Chinese characters were continuously simplified and arranged, so that Chinese characters gradually became standardized. The development of Chinese characters can be roughly divided into the four stages of ancient script, regular script, official script, and regular script. Among them, the seals are divided into large and small. The official script is Qin Li and Han Li. It can be seen that any new type of font in history has gradually evolved after a long period of evolution. In general, after the formation of the seal, the Chinese characters have been basically stereotyped (Table 2).

(Table 2: Evolution of Chinese Characters)

1 classical

Prior to the Qin unified writing, Chinese characters were confusing even in terms of fonts and applications. Ancient Chinese, in its broadest sense, includes the former writings of Xiaoyan, including Dazhao; in the narrow sense, it refers to the words before the great Chinese writing. Here is a narrow sense of classical concepts. Ancient texts include Oracle and Bronze; among them, the former is regarded as the earliest stereotyped text in China.

Oracle bone writing: For writing or engraving in the late Shang Dynasty, the characters left on the shells and animal bones were mostly "inscriptions" and there were also a few "notes". Most of Oracle's conformity with the pictographic and conviction of the wording principle, only 20% of the phonetic characters. The writings are knife-edged, some filled with cinnabar, and direct Zhu Shumo books. Because the characters are mostly evolved from pictorial characters, the pictograms are high and the characters are multi-body and the strokes are indeterminate. This shows that the Chinese language has not been unified during the Shang Dynasty.

The Yin Dynasty image Jin Wen: The pre-Qin Dynasty called copper as gold, so the text cast on the bronze ware was called Jin Wen. It was also called Zhong Dingwen and 彝 款 款 ( (. General inscription). Compared with Oracle, Jinwen has a higher degree of pictograms and shows a more ancient textual appearance. The bold writing method makes the image vivid and natural.

Oracle is a popular form written by the Shang Dynasty, and Jin Wen is the righteous person. It shows the richness of formality, and the implication of a simplified body (see Table 3).

(Table 3: Oracle, Jinwen Comparison Table)

Oracle's characters are hard-coded because most of them are engraved on the tortoise bones (see Figure 8: Part of Mr. Yan Tong's Oracle work). This knife-like brushwork has also been used in modern graphic design; as shown in Figure 9, it was designed in 1958.

(Figure 8) (Figure 9)

2 big

In the history of Chinese writing, Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, in terms of their contributions to philology, took the most of history. Shi Xu is the official of Zhou Xuanwang. He does not innovate in order to be simpler. Daxie is also known as the "Xiangwen", "Xiang", "ç±€" and "Shishu". Because it was made by Shi Yu, it was called "Yu Wen." Da Yu was seen in "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" and various posters collected by Zhong Ding. Among them, the stone drums made by Zhou Xuanwang were most famous.

3 small 篆

Xiao Xie, also known as Qin Xi, is a standard font prepared by the Qin Dynasty Prime Minister Li Si and others. Simplified by the big brother. Also known as Jade, because it has a strong pen. The shape and structure of Xiaoyan are coordinated, the gestures are even and round, and the radicals are also changed and merged. There is no pictographic nature compared with the big brother. The textual changes from Daxie to Xiaoyi are of great significance in the history of Chinese writing (Figure 10).

(Figure 10: Deng Wanbai's body of four posts)

4 Librarian

The most significant change in the first step from the beginning to the end of the libretto was the change from a distorted money bar to a straight stroke, from hornless to horny. Most people think that Lishu refers to a long-tailed librarian who has a wave-like slogan (Yao: pen down to the right) and a horizontal and a stern. This is just one of them. Lishu mainly includes Qin Li and Han Li. Qin Li is an early form of Lishu. Han Li is a mature font of Lishu. The so-called official script refers to the "eight points" in the Han Li (Figure 11: The Eight Points of the Cao Quanbei monument). "Eight points" is after Qin Li. It gradually became a wave (as a result of neat, standardized, and transformed). The development of Lishu to eight points is already mature. The official script has a sense of solemnity because its character is more accurate and thicker (Figure 12: Deng Wanbai's four-fold body script). Although Fig. 13 is in the form of a Western text, it has a rhombus-shaped font with the "taste" of the official script.

(Figure 11) (Figure 12) (Figure 13: 1955 Design/Local)

5 books

"Shushu" is also known as the real book, the official book, and the present priest. Such as Ouyang Xun, Liu Gongquan and so on. Contains the Founder of the ancient prince, the beauty of the eight points, and the simplicity of the Zhang Cao. This type of font has been used until now and is considered as a standard font and is loved by the world. There is a sense of serenity in the regular script; the text has different styles of the same typeface because of the way in which the individual writes and character (Figures 14 and 15). Figure 16 is similar to the thin gold body of Huizong of Song dynasty. It is a thin line that outlines the text. However, because of the smooth transition of the text, it shows a completely different visual sense from that of the thin gold body.

(Picture 14: Yan Liangshou's Calligraphy Post) (Figure 15: Song Huizong's poems and thin body) (Figure 16: Design in 1949)

6 books

"Running a book" is a kind of book (character) body that is between the regular script and cursive script. The script is different from qi and yi, and the degree of flow can be freely used by writers. The running book shows a romantic and beautiful atmosphere (Figure 17).

(Figure 17: Dong Qichang's tapestry is partially scripted)

Cursive 7

"Church", also known as broken grass, grass today, from the script, eight points, chapter grass, followed by a variety of ancient texts change. Cursive script is in the chapter of grass, and Zhangcao also has a relatively strong taste of the libretto, which is named after many of its use for the badge. The grass grows further and becomes "now grass", which is commonly known as "a book." Today's grasses tend to be simpler than Zhangchao and running books. The cursive gives viewers a feeling of unrestrainedness and fluency (Figures 18, 19, 20).

(Figure 18: Zhu Yunming's cursive scriptures will be absolutely noisy) (Figure 19: Ouyang Fang's cursive script) (Figure 20: Zhang Xu is mad)

8 printed fonts

After the invention of printing technology, in order to adapt to the needs of printing, especially the printing of books and periodicals, the text gradually developed in the direction suitable for printing, and there appeared a horizontal and vertical, square-shaped printing font - Song type. It originated in the golden age of engraving and printing—the Song Dynasty. It was shaped in the Ming Dynasty, so the Japanese called it the "Ming Dynasty body." Since Song-style fonts are suitable for printing engravings and are suitable for the visual requirements of people when reading, they are the main fonts used in publishing and printing.

9 computer fonts

With the development of cultural undertakings and the development of science and technology, under the influence of western fonts, new fonts such as black body, art fonts, etc. have emerged, such as posters (POP), arts and crafts, surveying, and girlish fonts. More variants of the Song Dynasty, such as imitation Song, Bian Song and so on. And computerized all kinds of Chinese characters, the use of a wider range.

Such as (from left to right in order: stacked circle body, integrated body, ancient Indian body, surveying the stream and poster body (all are the real system).)