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First of all, we should realize that new technologies do make map information transmission and exchange channels rich and varied. However, due to the incomparable advantages of printed media with many electronic media, the printing and publishing of paper maps is an important aspect of digital maps. In terms of applications, it plays an irreplaceable role in the transmission and exchange of map information. In recent years, despite the rapid development of China's printing industry, there are still large gaps compared with foreign industrial developed countries, which are highlighted in the following five areas:
1. The pre-press and printing process has a low level of standardization, lack of strict and effective quality control standards and methods, and product quality is not stable enough;
2. The update of printing technology is slow, and the awareness, application and research and development capabilities of new technologies, new processes and new products are weak, and the level of development is very uneven;
3. The printing equipment is obsolete and the advanced quality inspection instruments have not been widely used;
4. The research and development of printed materials is not strong, and the quality, quantity and variety of materials have yet to be improved;
5. The scientific management level of the printing department is not high and production efficiency is low.
Under such a big situation, in the current map production process (ie, the process of designing a map, electronically outputting film, and printing process), map printing and publishing have various degrees of performance in the above five aspects.
First, the question from the map prepress
1. The knowledge structure and knowledge update frequency of practitioners is worth exploring
The electronic publishing of digital maps imposes higher requirements on the breadth and depth of the knowledge structure of practitioners. The current outstanding problem in map prepress quality control is the division of responsibility for inspection of pre-press production map data files. The root cause of the problem lies in the fact that there are more and more blind spots in the knowledge structure of the professional practitioners of mapping and printing. When problems arise before printing, because these blind areas of knowledge cannot provide a complete set for the other party, Pre-operable quality inspection standards or checklists. In fact, the electronic publishing of maps has led to a convergence of the work of the two professions. On the one hand, for map makers, in addition to their expertise in map design and drafting, they must also consider such things as drafting. The thickness of the line drawn and the size of the font can be used to determine how the trapping design is used when the printing plate is used, how the trapping design is performed when the spot color is used, and how the inevitable effect of the dot expansion in the printing process affects the color design. In depth, you also need to be familiar with and master the gray balance, ground color removal (UCR) and gray component replacement (GCR)
The principles and other knowledge, because these are the information that the mapping software must include in completing the map data files provided to prepress. On the other hand, in addition to mastering the knowledge of map laser distribution, plate making and printing, map printers must be familiar with the production software and environment of map data files prior to launching, the format characteristics of map data files, and so on. It is often necessary to make a judgment of the source of the problem in the process of distribution and to quickly determine the responsibility for the modification and the solution. In addition, although the development of software and hardware technology has greatly increased the level of automation and intelligence of the entire map production, more and more work may only be done by pressing a button, but this does not mean that no special knowledge is required or Can reduce the level of awareness of the practitioners. For example, the problem of color management, although there are many specialized CMS softwares, implementing complete color management not only means understanding the separation operation of CMS software, but also means not only calibrating many devices, but also implying that it must be standardized. All the technologies and equipment used for input, display, processing, and output in the production process. Another example: VDP, which has been called by industry insiders as a traditional print “killer,†requires that in addition to the professional knowledge required of the printing staff, it must be able to effectively manage and manipulate the database and understand the front-end data. How a document provider creates and uses a database, because the quality of future personalized short-run or on-demand printing depends entirely on the quality of the information in the database.
2. The quality control standards in the map production process need to be updated and supplemented
The formulation and implementation of standards have a certain degree of timeliness. At present, the formulation of a series of standards for map production lacks effective mechanisms for improvement and revision. The digitization of the map has made the previously necessary manual skills and their theory useless, and the electronic publishing map also makes some of the printing quality control standards formulated for the traditional printing process useless. The standards and regulations formulated in the traditional map production model can no longer fully meet the requirements of electronic printing and publishing maps for drafting and printing standards, and their guidance and operability have yet to be improved. There are still some problems with the standards currently in use, such as the lack of standards for computer operations in the drafting standards, the seldom consideration of the interface with printing, and the prepress quality control that must be involved in drawing. The content is basically not involved; the printing process still relied mainly on empirical judgment, printing is chasing proofs rather than chasing the data standard; printing color reproduction is still controlled by the density index, seldom related to the color index and so on.
3. Development of Map Printing and Publishing Workflow Urgently Needs Leading of Electronic Publishing Technology
Many of the problems that arise when map data is used in prepress printing originate from the inconsistent file formats.
The problem of data conversion between different computer platforms and software is rooted in software for making maps. Many current specialized digital mapping and GIS systems (especially self-developed mapping systems) do not have or do not have full publishing capabilities, and those so-called systems with full publishing capabilities (such as:
Microstation, Arclnfo, and MapGIS also convert digital maps into PS or EPS files, and then use the electronic publishing system to output color separation films for further printing. The conversion of map data file formats has increased the number of map-making sessions, with errors and problems. In the printing industry, the PDF data format independent of the platform and application software has always been the ideal solution. The PDF file has a series of advantages such as standardization, page independence, predictability, editability, cross-media, and small amount of information. Not only applies to the current printing and publishing, but also applies to the rapid development of grid publishing and cross-media publishing after adding new products and new technologies, and will become the basis for the future of the pan-net publishing. Recently, the printing industry giants Adbe, Agfa, Heidelberg and MANRoland have jointly launched a new, more open, and open specification format, JDF (Job Definition Fomat). The first edition of JDF was recently held by the CIP4 Committee.
Boston Seybold passed the meeting in 2001. All the important parameters on it are valid for PDF documents in a format that can be recognized by all workflow solutions. It will provide cross-system, cross-vendor PDF workflows and is therefore the most promising workflow solution. one. We also have reason to believe that the development of hardware and software that will lead the development of publishing technology in the future will also use this as the standard. Therefore, the introduction of the PDF or JDF standard data format and its related emerging publishing technologies into the development of map publishing technology, whether it is the paper printing and publishing of digital maps or the publication and application of digital maps in the developing network environment, It is promising. At the same time, as it conforms to the development direction of the printing and publishing technology, it will be able to take the initiative in the future self-development and use advanced technologies in real time for my own use. However, at present, there are few research results on the introduction of the PDF file format into map electronic publishing, and professional map mapping software that has been developed and under development has less consideration of the electronic publishing part of the module and the standard data format that can be unified with it. Currently online maps are often transmitted, exchanged and published in GIF or JPG format.
This map, which has lost the vectorial image data format, not only greatly limits the efficiency of the use of online maps (for example, even simple scaling is limited), but also greatly reduces the application of online maps. The main problem at the moment is that neither the R&D nor the actual application knows enough about this, and there is very little investment.
4. Recognition and development of map digital prepress equipment and its material properties are in urgent need of improvement
At present, the foreign printing industry already has many products and systems in the research and application of digital workflow, such as: Screen's Trueflow product, Krause's KIM system, Heidelberg and CreoScitex's second-generation Prinerg (Prinergy ) PDF module, etc.
However, the application of digital workflow in China's printing and publishing industry is still almost blank. For map printing and publishing, the current degree of digitization is limited to the pre-press film of the laser distribution digital map, and the subsequent process is still basically carried out by the traditional printing process. Therefore, practitioners' awareness of new products and technologies is still affected by traditional awareness and methods. The recognition and development of digital prepress equipment and its material properties is a relatively weak link in the current map digitization workflow. Different electronic prepress systems have different mechanical compositions and working mechanisms, which will result in different output results; different prepress materials (such as film, developer and fixer, etc.) will be the same, even map files made with different application software. Outputting under the same material and system conditions also produces different effects. Because of this lack of awareness, and lack of effective prepress quality control standards and testing methods, it will lead to print errors and rework before printing, seriously affecting the efficiency of map production. The current manifestations of this deficiency are: First, the use of the prepress system is only satisfied with the production and utilization in the general sense, and it is rarely used to actively summarize and develop the technology. Therefore, it is difficult to grasp the changes in the network rules and mechanical habits. Not to mention the use of skills; Second, prepress material selection is relatively confusing, there are almost no standards when used, so there is no quality control standard at all; Third, the degree of attention to the work of laser imagesetters is not enough. For example, it is impossible to linearize the equipment, clean the equipment on a regular basis, and standardize the preparation and supplementation of liquid medicine on each working day. Wait until a problem arises to remedy the problem.
Second, the problem from the map printing
1. The backwardness of printing equipment and quality control equipment is still a major factor that has long plagued the quality of map printing
The overall gap between China's printing equipment and foreign advanced levels is: low product quality, low functionality, backward automation and intelligent control, and poor stability and reliability. Middle and low-end equipment oversupply or supply and demand balance, high-end equipment mainly rely on imports. In this environment, the map printing industry is currently using two-color printing presses. There are not many four-color printing machines, let alone more than four colors. The use of digital proofing is not much, and the quality control methods and instruments used in the printing process are still based on traditional detection methods, mostly based on density parameters and experience. There are three reasons why this situation has been plagued by long-term analysis: First, the purchase of advanced printing equipment and equipment is expensive, and the introduction of a small amount of equipment is not enough to meet the purpose. Second, due to the lack of technical strength, the high-value imported equipment and equipment are not available. To fully develop and use it, a great deal of resources are wasted. Third, the concept of pursuing high-tech and high-quality printing is not strong enough. This is true both for map producers and users of maps. User demand is not high
Impact and Challenge of New Technology on Traditional Map Printing Publishing Industry
Map database technology, GLS (Geographical Information System) technology and network technology have greatly broadened the ways of map information representation, application and transmission. Electronic publishing technology, network publishing technology and multimedia publishing technology have saved and exchanged map information. The way to the extreme, precisely because of the impact of these new technologies, so that the traditional map printing and publishing industry and its corresponding technology's dominance was shocked, then, where will the future of map printing and publishing technology go?