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Keywords: industrial design mechanism design parallelogram mechanism crank
1 Introduction
Industrial design is a fusion of modern technology and art. Industrial designers are not artists, but he must master the aesthetic features and cultural trends of the times and must have a good artistic accomplishment. Industrial designers are also different from engineers. The task of an engineer is to solve the relationship between objects and things. The industrial designer is to solve the relationship between people and machines, that is, people and things. It is to make science and technology work for people. The professionalism of industrial designers is wider than that of professional engineers with deeper verticals. To be a good industrial designer, you must have a wide range of knowledge and must be familiar with the development of related knowledge. Industrial designers should master new technologies, have a good understanding of the functions of the products and the manufacturing processes of the production process; they should understand mechanical knowledge, aesthetic knowledge, and knowledge of cost accounting and even ecology and environmental protection. In other words, the product designers must consider not only one element but also the comprehensive relationship of many elements. In general, the four major elements of industrial design are human elements, technical elements, market environment elements, and aesthetic elements, among which the technical elements are the key elements that make the idea of ​​product design a reality. Industrial design is still relatively young in China. In fact, structural engineers in many units have been responsible for the dual tasks of industrial designers and structural engineers. Compared with industrial design, mechanical structural engineers most lack the creativity, advancement consciousness and innovation ability of design, as well as the understanding and grasp of aesthetic characteristics and cultural trends of the times, and lack of rational application of aesthetic principles to the design of industrial products. ability. Even a relatively simple product such as an industrial device still has a lot of interesting content in terms of its structural design, etc. Many aspects that were unreasonable and imperfect in the past must continue to be creative and continue to explore new laws. It is also important to understand the trend of society's demand for products and the trend of social taste. And these are the strengths of industrial designers. However, as industrial designers who want to better perform their duties and better cooperate with engineers, they must understand various scientific and technological knowledge. At present, the industrial design majors of most universities and colleges set two categories: science and engineering and arts. For science and engineering courses closely related to technical factors, students in both directions have certain problems: Since most students in science and engineering do not have specialized art foundation training, they pay more attention to such courses and ignore them. Corresponding science and engineering foundation courses; Art students pay more attention to engineering courses, but because of poor basics in this area, they do not have the ability to study in depth. Therefore, similar courses such as basic mechanical design and mold design are also learned in depth. This article selects a small part of the science and engineering curriculum: institutional design and analysis, emphasizing the importance of institutional design in product design, the necessity of student system learning organization design, and enhancing students’ curriculum through some common and outstanding design examples. The understanding and interest are to eliminate its conflict of mind.
2. The organization is an indispensable part of the entire product design
Institutions occupy a very important position in product design and are an indispensable part of the overall product composition. It has an inseparable internal connection with product design and is inextricably linked to the various elements that make up the product, directly affecting the most basic elements of product design, such as function and form. Not every industrial design knows the concept of structural design. However, every product design includes the idea and content of institutional design without exception. As an industrial designer, it is very necessary to have a certain understanding and mastery of the content of the organization. Functionally, agencies not only directly meet and achieve the basic functions of products, but also have a direct effect on improving and expanding product functions. Such as the chair, when the lifting mechanism is added, the height can be adjusted as needed to increase the comfort of use. After the furniture or some other article adopts a folding mechanism, it can increase the flexibility of use, expand the scope of use, and enable the original product function to be expanded and extended. From the most commonly used mechanism - the application of the planar linkage mechanism in product design, to further explain the relationship between the two. The most commonly used mechanisms are planar linkage mechanisms, cam mechanisms, and intermittent motion mechanisms. The most commonly used planar linkage mechanism is a planar four-bar linkage consisting of four rods. It is also the most basic planar linkage. The hinged four-bar mechanism has three basic forms: a crank rocker mechanism, a double crank mechanism, and a double rocker mechanism. In addition to the basic form of a four-bar linkage mechanism, there are other forms of planar four-bar mechanisms that evolved from this: the crank-slider mechanism, the guide bar mechanism, the rocker mechanism, and the blocking mechanism. Many mechanical door openers and window openers on buses use crank slider mechanisms. In the double crank structure, if it is parallel and equal to two rods, it becomes a parallelogram structure. The feature of the movement of this structure is that its two cranks can rotate in the same direction at the same angular velocity, and the connecting rod does translational movement. There are many examples of daily product design that use this mechanism. For example, the famous heron desk lamp (Heron) shown in Figure 1 shows that the lamp can stretch. Even if the height changes, the reflector and the work surface can still maintain a horizontal state. Its shape is more or less like an abstract “heronâ€. The color change is very fashionable: black, white, yellow, blue and red, and metallic silver. Outstanding form, brilliant colors, and outstanding features make it an unforgettable design. The most unique feature of this light is that although the height changes, the lamp head is always parallel to the desktop. This is precisely because of the application of the parallelogram mechanism. Figure 2 simply shows the assembly of screws, washers and nuts in the Heron lamp. . Although it seems to be relatively simple in theory, it is not easy to apply it to specific product designs.
Assuming that the original designer had such a design idea, or that there was such a demand for the product, he was looking for ways to achieve this function. The parallelogram mechanism can be realized, and the classic product is finally obtained through rigorous design. If product designers do not understand these basic institutions, these excellent works may not be produced. The application of this mechanism has also produced a variety of styles of folding chair designs, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, which are all different in shape, but all apply this mechanism so that they can achieve the folding function. Morphologically, because the mechanism is composed of various components, the combination of components will inevitably affect the basic structure of the product, and ultimately affect the external shape of the product: such as bicycles, power-assisted bicycles and motorcycles, due to their There are significant differences in the respective forms of transmission mechanisms. Even if the same kind of organization is used, there will be many changes in the form of the product. The series of folding chair designs presented in this article is a typical example. There is also a typical example of changing the form through the organization is OrangeX's Ojex manual juicer, as shown in Figure 7. OrangeX is the largest juicer manufacturer in South America, and its products are also very popular in the US market. Ojex is a classic that OrangeX developed in cooperation with Smart Design in 1998 when it entered the home juicer market.
The mechanical structure of Ojex subverts tradition. Although crankshaft mechanisms are used, the crankshaft crankshaft of the traditional juicer is placed behind the flattened fruit fuselage and in the opposite direction of the base, which makes the entire machine occupy a large area. Ojex crankshaft crank is fixed to the front of the fuselage, in the same direction as the base, the fuselage, so that the space occupied is greatly reduced. The inverted crankshaft crank makes the lever's fulcrum point back, so that when women and children with low arm strength squeeze fruits, they save more than before. In addition to the direct influence of the organization on the function and form of the product, the organization also has inseparable internal relations with some other factors of the product. In general, mechanical functions must be achieved by certain institutions in a certain state of energy conversion.
Therefore, different energy uses will involve different institutional forms, and then affect other factors of the product. For example, a car can be powered by electricity, diesel, gasoline, liquefied gas, and even solar energy. Due to the differences in energy and energy utilization methods and efficiency, they will directly affect the product-related aspects such as production costs, use costs, and environmental effects. In addition, the rationality of the design of the organization itself will also affect the product's operating performance, safety performance and service life.
3ã€Conclusion
Through in-depth study of institutions, industrial designers can further understand and understand the internal relations between institutions and forms, institutions and functions, thereby enhancing the scientific and rationality of the creation of form design; enhance the engineering awareness of design, training and expansion For the organization's imagination and design thinking ability, improve the ability to innovate, in order to strengthen and improve the in-depth design capabilities of the product, and lay a good foundation for the more complex form structure creation. The importance of engineering theory courses in industrial design can be seen in the application of industrial design in industrial design.
Therefore, as an industrial designer, it is necessary to enrich and improve his knowledge structure, deepen his understanding and mastery of engineering theoretical knowledge, and in the process of product design, he is no longer just providing appearance and color for the product, but In addition to this, he can work more actively with engineers to solve various problems and strive to become a true industrial designer.
Talking about the Application of Mechanism Design in Industrial Design
Abstract: Industrial design is the subject of modern technology and art fusion. Industrial designers must have a wide range of knowledge, among which technical knowledge in science and technology occupies a very important position. Industrial design students are less interested in engineering courses and in-depth learning. This paper emphasizes the importance of the design of the product on the function and form of the product, and emphasizes its importance in product design. It means that a full understanding of the science and engineering knowledge can be used to better design the product.