The Application of Chinese Landscape Art in Modern Design (I)

Many western artists and designers have had a keen interest in the landscape art of China. JOHANNES ITTEN, a Swiss who once taught at Bauhaus, strongly advocated theoretical research on the Chinese Northern Song Dynasty landscape painting. John Eaton studied the landscape paintings of the famous painter Guo Xi of the Northern Song Dynasty. He asked the students to learn to draw trees and paintings. He also said that after the rain, the tree scene is not applied by slanting rain and silk, but it embodies the artist's inner artistic conception to express the rain. form. More than John Eaton, many Western artists gave a very high appraisal of China's landscape art, and in-depth study and reference.

● Chinese landscape painting contains a wealth of ancient philosophy

What aspect of Chinese landscape paintings, or where did it make them so much interested? How does it affect the creative activities of Western artists and designers? In short, it is the charm of Chinese landscape painting. This charm contains a wealth of Chinese philosophy. Let us first look at Guo Xi who John Eaton once studied.

Guo Xi was a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he was already famous in Song Renzong and Song Yingzong. When Emperor Song Zongzong was called, Guo Xi was called into the palace and he was appointed as a painter of the Academy of Fine Arts. Later, he was promoted to the Imperial Academy for a long time, and he was teaching again. Because of teaching, not only painting, but also speaking, then Guo Xi became an art theoretician, and there is a series of theoretical writings: Landscape Training, Painting, Painting, and Painting. . Later, Guo Xi’s son, Guo Si, took a bachelor in Long Tuge. He compiled and compiled the speeches and manuscripts of Guo Xisheng’s life, and recorded Guo Xi’s life and painting activities and their status in “Pictures of the Paintings,” respectively. In the "Drawings", the editor-in-chief was a "Lin Quan Gao Zhi Ji", which has since established Guo Xi's immortal status in the history of painting. "Lin Quan Gao Zhi Ji" was produced after the highly mature landscape paintings, which played an important role in the innovation and promotion of the Northern Song Dynasty landscape paintings.

Guo Xi's landscape theory can be summarized as follows:

I. Discussed the social significance of landscape painting. He believes that the landscape paintings are created to meet the "Zhi Quan Zhi Zhi" of the class of scholars and can make Daguan nobles "never go down to church and sit in the pool of poor people" and become pastimes after the meal. This is indeed in line with the social reality. People use food as their food. Even the people who make things up and down are even more of a problem. Where do you have a leisurely view of the mountain? Why do you talk about "Lin Quan Zhi Zhi?" Therefore, only the scholar-bureaucrats of Linquan Zhizhi have this. According to Mr. Lu Xun, there is leisure and money. Therefore, only the leisure class can have this "record of Lin Quan." Guo Xi said: "Qiu Yuan, a nourishment source is always at the same place; springs and whistles are often enjoyed by others; fishermen's ancestors are often suitable for refuge; 猿 cranes and Fei Ming are often pro-also. Dust 嚣缰 , , 此 此 此 此 此 此 此Xie also.. Hazy Xia Sheng, this person is often willing to see but also not. However, Lin Quan Zhi, haze of the companion, the nightmare in the blind, ears break off, this is a wonderful hand out of Yuran, no less than the court, take the poor, The sound of the birds rang in their ears, and the mountains and water were dazzling. This was not pleasant, but it was my heart. This is the reason why the nobles painted the original meaning of landscapes."

Second, Guo Xi made a good summary of the aesthetic features of Chinese landscape painting. He said: "The paradox of the world is that there are feasible people in the mountains and rivers, there are hopefuls, there are people who can visit, and there are people who can live in. The paintings here are all subtle, but they are not as good as they can be. What is it, and what? Look at mountains and rivers, and the land is occupied by hundreds of miles. There are no three or four places where you can swim, and you must take a place where you can live. The reason why a gentleman is eager to visit Lin Quan is that this is a good place. Therefore, the painter should use this idea to create, and the apprehensive person should use this to mean the end. This is the original meaning of this term. "This is the aesthetic view of the class scholars' pursuit of the times - landscapes can be used as places to live." From the royal gardens of imperial feudal society, we can see this "can be visited and visited" "Lin Quan Zhi Zhi" from the private gardens all over Jiangnan. China's garden art is a concrete manifestation of this kind of landscape and landscape applied to the design, and it is also the reproduction of this "Lin Quan Zhi Zhi" in the human environment. It can be said that Chinese landscape painting and landscape art have always been the textbooks of Chinese garden art design.

3. Guo Xi proposed the methodology for the creation of Chinese landscape painting. This is his important contribution.
The first is the pre-requisite moral education. This is a traditional Chinese culture. He said: "The world only knows what I wrote and painted, but I don't know that painting is not easy." Zhuangzi said that the history of painting solves the problem, and this really has the effect of the painter. If the son of Zi Zhiran understands the spirit, then the laughter of the person will be sympathetic, and the sharpness of the object will be slanted on the side, which will naturally be drawn in the heart and will not be seen in the pen. Otherwise, the intention is already depressed and stagnant, the bureau is in a song, how to write the appearance and sentiment, to send people to think? If the workers listen to the piano, you have to hold a glimpse of the solitude, clever hands, and then in the middle, then Pak wood in the ground, branches and leaves are not covered, and Lei's become a piano, Xiaoran already lies in the head. Its meaning is bothersome and devastating, and the people who stumbling on ink are seeing the knife, and they do not know where to start. , raise the tone in the breeze;"
The second is deeper life. This is still something that is inherent in Chinese culture. The so-called Wanli Road, and the 10,000-volume book is also. He said: "Learning to draw a flower, with a flower in a deep pit, on its side and overlooking it, then the flower will be achieved on all four sides. Learn to draw bamboo, take a bamboo stick, because of the moonlight and its shadow on the wall At the same time, the bamboo is shaped like a dragonfly, and why is it that people who learn how to draw landscapes are covered in mountains and rivers, and the meaning of landscapes is seen in the mountains. In order to obtain quality, the true landscape is different from the four seasons: the spring melts, the Xia Yuyu, the autumn thinning, and the winter dusk.The real landscape smoke is different at four o'clock: the spring is light and smelt, and the summer mountains are green and drip. Bright and clean, such as makeup, Winter Mountain bleak and such as "quot;;
The third is emphasizing both form and spirit, focusing more on expressiveness. He said: The mountain takes water as its veins, and uses grass and trees as its hair, and smoke clouds as the god's color, so the mountain can live in water and live. Water is a mountain, and a pavilion is an eyebrow. With the spirit of fishing and fishing, the water has a mountainous and charming landscape. It has pavilions and liveliness, fishing and fishing, and the arrangement of the landscape. The stone is also the bone of heaven and earth. The bone is deep and not exposed. Water, the blood of the heavens and the earth, the blood flows without stagnating. Mountain smokeless spring flowers. If there is no cloud in the mountains, there is no show, no water is not charming, no road is not alive, no forest is not born, no far-reaching is shallow, no pingyuan is close, no high altitude is down;
The fourth is the cultivation of sentiment, looking for creative artistic conception from poetry and poetry. He said: The former people remarked that “poetry is an intangible painting, is the painting visible?”, the philosopher talked more about this statement, and we were teachers. Yu Yuyi read the ancient and modern poems of Jin and Tang Dynasties on a daily basis. In the event that there is a present situation in the present, it is not because of quietly sitting in the nest, the window is clean, and the smell of the incense is degraded. Then the good intentions of the good sentence are not seen. The idea is also easy! And the realm is well-accepted, the heart is already in hand, and the angle is right and left, right and left; dolcn.com
The fifth is to clarify the specific techniques of Chinese landscape painting. He said: Where the business is written, it must be heaven and earth. There are far and near mountains in three ways. The water changes for four hours. The cloud has a tendency to flow. The smoke is drifting, the stone has a constant attitude, and the tree moves with emotion.

Fourth, emphasis on the artist's cultivation principles: four desires: "the desire to expand"; "the desire to learn"; "the desire to be numerous"; "the desire to extract essence." Second school: Learning the world. He said: There are many good rivers in Lushan, Huashan is a good mountain, Hengshan is better, and Changshan is better than others. Taishan is a great mountain, and it is a famous mountain town in the world. If you want to master it, you must be good. Mo is good at diligence, and it is better than watching you. Learn ancients. Huai Su heard the sound of the Jialing River in the night and Sheng Yijia in the grass, and Zhang Xu saw Gongsun's aces and swords. The benevolent Leshan should be like White Paradise. The wise man, Le Shuiyi, is like Wang Moqiu's "Sui Chuan Tu". Ren Zhi is delighted to see the shape of only one man! Born in Wuyue, write the southeast of the thin; in the Xianqin Qin, the appearance of the strong Zhuang; Lang Fan Fan wide, lack of camp show of the hill; enlightened teacher Wang Wei, lack of customs with the same strength.

Guo Xi’s landscape paintings have made great achievements. “Qiugu Yaoru” said: “Guo Xi’s landscapes, his mountains are plucked and pulled back, the water is far away, there are many ghost faces, chaos clouds, hawk claws, pine needles, and clover leaves. The clip pen, single companion, the point of the character tip with chisel, is excellent." It is said that the students of the Song Dynasty Art Academy exam are required to use "Guo body" as the standard. At that time, some court officials, such as Sima Guang, Huang Tingjian, and Su Shi, were very fond of the collection of his paintings. Su Shi wrote poems to praise him for his "Early Spring Map": "Yu Tang is very busy in spring, and Guo Xi has paintings in Chun Shan; The sound of the art's sensation of sensation. ""