Technological Innovation and Development of Printing Enterprises

Humanity has entered an information age. A clear trend has emerged in economic development: the rapid rise of information hi-tech industries is driving an unprecedented revolution in the economic field. As a printing company in the information industry in the production and dissemination of images, with the reform and opening up, scientific and technological development, the people's living standards have improved rapidly and with each passing day. Informationization and knowledge-based development have brought vast development space and unprecedented opportunities for the development of printing companies. The technological innovation of the enterprise conforms to this trend of economic development.
I. Economic analysis and significance of technological innovation (1) Economic analysis of technological innovation The innovation theory was first proposed by the American economist Schumpeter in the book “Economic Development Theory”. The so-called innovation is the establishment of a new production function. A new combination of production factors and production conditions that has never been introduced into the production system. Schumpeter's "innovation" includes the following types: (1) introduction of new products; (2) introduction of new technologies, ie new production methods; (3) opening up new markets; (4) exploiting and utilizing new raw materials Sources of supply; (5) New organizations for industrial realization. He further proposed that innovation is the source of economic development. Today, Schumpeter's innovation includes technological innovation and institutional innovation. The first and second items in the category of innovation are technological innovations, namely product innovation and process innovation.
After Schumpeter, people continued to make different interpretations of innovation. Summarizing previous viewpoints and analyzing from an economic point of view, technological innovation is a series of companies that, in their economic activities, introduce new products or new processes in order to obtain commercial interests, thereby realizing the re-combination of production factors and achieving success in the market. process. Therefore, technological innovation refers not only to the innovation of the technological system itself, but also to the re-combination of the factors of production resulting from the introduction of scientific and technological achievements into the production process and transforming it into the whole process of selling goods or processes in the market. This definition clarifies that enterprises are the main body of technological innovation, and technological innovation is becoming the main driving force for the sustainable development of modern economy.
(B) The role and significance of technological innovation 1. Technological innovation is the source of economic growth.
First of all, there are two ways for enterprises to grow their economies: First, the total amount is increased by the input of capital (K), labor (L), and other factors: Q = F (K, L), ie, quantitative growth; It is to rely on technological progress to increase the production efficiency of the elements to increase the total quantity: Q'=F'(K,L), that is, qualitative growth.
The fundamental difference between these two growth methods is that the technical role is different. In the quantitative growth mode, factor input is the main factor, and the total increase is only a multiple of the factor input. Regardless of diminishing marginal returns, twice as many factors as the original factor input would yield, and the role of technology in it would be minimal. In the quality-based growth approach, the number of outputs can be continuously increased by relying on technological progress under the same factor input.
As a traditional printing industry, it is more developed on the basis of hand-based workshops. In the process of development, the number-based economic growth mode has occupied a dominant position; while in the modern printing industry, “digital and networked” is the development direction. Technological progress is imperative. This is mainly due to the fact that quantitative growth has limited potential for total growth, and growth that depends on technological progress is sustainable.
Secondly, technological innovation is the most crucial factor in promoting economic growth because, generally, an invention or even a major scientific and technological achievement cannot be promoted if the market cannot be realized; and when a technological innovation passes through a large area, Promotion and diffusion, as a result of lowering the production cost of the enterprise and increasing the labor productivity, it leads to a higher profit than the average profit. This will inevitably cause many companies to follow suit, and it will affect a new round of higher and higher technological innovations. . This cycle continues to promote economic growth.
2. Technological innovation is conducive to the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure.
Innovation will not only lead to an increase in the productivity of enterprises that first use new technologies, but also increase the productivity of more imitators. Among the printing companies, it is the successful application of computers in prepress technology that evolved from "lead and fire" to "light and electricity", which promoted the improvement of the entire industry's production efficiency, and ultimately led to the improvement of the structure of the traditional printing industry and the completion of the industry. Structural upgrades.
3. Technological innovation is beneficial to the survival and development of enterprises.
In a perfectly competitive market, companies can only survive if they make a profit. For a long time, the state-owned printing enterprises have overstaffed people and labor productivity is low; the middle and low-end monochrome production capacity in the printing industry is in excess, and the high-end multi-color production capacity is insufficient; some printing companies have a weak modern business concept, and the management is not standardized, resulting in uncertainties in the competitiveness of enterprises. Lee thin. And technological innovation is to enable enterprises to have an advantage in the competition, and to obtain the most important way above average profits. With the acceleration of the global economic integration process, especially after China's accession to the WTO, the competition among enterprises will exceed the scale and transnational boundaries. For enterprises, they will either die or innovate.
II. Problems existing in the technological innovation of printing enterprises The technological innovation of enterprises has made tremendous contributions to the development of China's printing industry. In the past 20 years of reform and opening up, technological innovations of enterprises have emerged in an endless stream. However, compared with developed countries, relevant data analysis says that they are at least 15 behind. ~ 20 years. The pressure on the external environment is huge, and there are also many internal problems. The specific performance:
1. The main body of corporate innovation is not clear.
The enterprise is the main body of innovation. However, for many years, printing companies have had a limited role in technological innovation activities. Scientific institutions and universities are the main force of innovation activities. It not only accounts for the vast majority of national research investment, but also has the majority of scientific personnel. For a long time, the disconnect between scientific research and production has become quite serious. Enterprises that really need technology have not been able to obtain research and development funds, and those who have invested have not been able to turn into productivity and have formed a vicious circle. Therefore, whether it is from promoting technological innovation or promoting economic development, It is necessary to clarify that the enterprise is an innovative subject applying technology.
2. The overall innovation awareness of printing companies is poor.
Printing companies are unresponsive to changes in the market and technology, lack awareness of innovation, and are satisfied with what they have now, causing many companies to:
1 The printing equipment is behind. For example, the prepress equipment is basically a traditional plate making equipment, which has low efficiency and poor quality; the printing equipment has low automation and intelligent control level, and the stability and reliability are poor; the post-press equipment has less efficient binding equipment, and binding and post-finishing finishing still exist. A lot of manual operation.
2 The printing process is behind. At present, most printing companies still adopt traditional process methods, and only a few companies adopt advanced digital process flow.
3 poor printability. Some companies even use materials and technologies that have been eliminated in advanced countries.
These phenomena indicate that printing companies have a poor overall awareness of innovation and ossified ideas, not to mention actively adopting strategies.
3. Low investment in innovation and low level of innovation.
According to statistics, technology development costs (R&D) of large and medium-sized enterprises in China accounted for about 1.5% of product sales in recent years, while fewer printing companies and developed countries accounted for about 5%. At the same time, in the distribution of profits, it is not only the consumption of raw products but light production-related consumption; when it is reinvested, it focuses on scale and taps potential.
4. Market-oriented innovation that does not attach importance to enterprise innovation is the recombination of production factors. This combination can only be achieved through the market. Therefore, the true realization of innovation is in the market. Otherwise, even if the company has new inventions and new processes, it is unsure of the market or lack of development, which will lead to failure. The printing companies have learned little in this area.
5. Lack of an external environment conducive to corporate innovation.
The imperfect innovation mechanism is an important reason for restricting innovation. If financing is difficult, there is no risk investment system; the quality of human beings as a carrier of knowledge and the development of human resources are neglected; there are still many obstacles to the flow of talents (such as wages, housing, and social security systems). As a result, technological innovation cannot achieve expectations. purpose.
Third, the printing company's technological innovation strategy Without innovation, no new economic growth point of the printing company will face the risk of elimination. This is not alarmist. Only by seeing the current problems in the technological innovation of printing companies, formulating strategies for corporate innovation, and adopting practical countermeasures and measures to promote technological innovation of enterprises, can we really start technological innovation - the engines of corporate take-off, making the printing industry in China move toward development and development. the road.
1. Efforts have been made to create a sense of innovation among all employees.
"Enterprise modernization is first and foremost the modernization of people." Even if a company has advanced equipment and the people who have mastered them lack advanced awareness, advanced skills, and sticking to conventions, the company will eventually die. As long as there are innovative people in the enterprise, there will be innovative products and innovative companies. Therefore, companies must strive to cultivate innovative people, especially entrepreneurs with innovative ideas.
2. The timing of innovation and the choice of innovative technologies.
The timing of innovation is closely related to the life cycle of technology. We can divide the technology into four phases according to the maturity of the technology: the introduction period, the growth period, the maturity period, and the recession period. The introduction of technology can enable companies to bypass the R&D phase and go directly to the design test phase or even to the production phase, which can greatly reduce the risk of technological innovation. Therefore, the best choice for corporate technological innovation is in the period of new technology introduction and early growth. For example, many printing companies in China have seized this good period, successfully introduced laser photocopying technology, completely changed prepress technology, and greatly improved production efficiency. At present, the advanced digital platemaking technology, %-CTP technology, has been rapidly promoted in developed countries. It has also entered the trial phase in China. For many printing companies, how to choose the best time to introduce the technology has been placed in front.
The choice of innovative technology must be decided according to the enterprise's own situation. For this purpose, the enterprise must understand its own technology types, technological development direction, competitors' technological innovation strategies, and its own technological development capabilities, so as to determine the strategic goal of technological innovation - fundamental Innovation, imitation innovation, imitation and innovation, and follow-up innovation.
3. Increase investment in technological innovation, improve the overall level of technology, and strengthen links with research institutions.
The economic reality of the enterprise directly determines the scale strength of technological innovation, and the increase in investment depends on one's own strength on the one hand, and on the other hand, it does a good job of finance and trade activities. In developed countries, the investment of capital owners is relatively stable and there is sufficient financial guarantee, which promotes the production, dissemination and application of knowledge and improves the competitiveness of printing enterprises.
It is necessary to change the status quo of scientific research institutions out of the market, form an innovative development model combining production, learning, and research, combine teaching with traditional industrial transformation, combine basic theoretical research with advanced application technologies, and develop new materials to develop their respective advantages. Promote science and technology to rapidly transform internal productivity.
4. Market-oriented and innovative.
Demand is the driving force behind technological innovation in enterprises. Users and markets are the ultimate endorsing of successful innovation. Printing companies should actively establish a market-oriented technology innovation system that is market-oriented and promotes innovation.
5. Establish a sound innovation mechanism.
Establishing a sound innovation mechanism is not only a matter of the enterprise but also a matter of the government. Only for enterprises to create a good external environment, including institutional environment - is the main prerequisite for the role of technology; policy environment - determines the specific steps and procedures of technological innovation; financing environment - is the financial guarantee for technological innovation: the legal environment - - Ensure the orderly market environment, in order to provide the momentum and conditions for technological innovation.
6. Do a good job in the development of human resources in printing enterprises.
The technological innovation of an enterprise is inspired by the “spark to pay for action, and ultimately to the market, and it is not human activity. Only by doing a good job of human resource development and effectively serving the innovation system can we achieve the success of technological innovation. Human resource development is conscious. Through talent discovery, training, use, and incentives, the company digs out the wisdom and potential of various types of personnel, develops and utilizes them, enables them to use their talents, and makes full use of them, thus giving full play to their role in corporate technological innovation.
In short, we should firmly believe that "new science and technology will bring new impetus to printing and new development prospects instead of blocking the development of printing." technology